有不少人问想要进修职场英语，有哪些样的学习资料?
对于如此的朋友，记者我一直推荐看BEC教程，或者去做几套考试真题。
这是由于BEC考试风靡多年，总结出的实用规则和方法，确实是职场人应具备的常识储备。
今天，大家就借着BEC考试写作模块，一方面可以给马上考BEC的考友们做个写作思路梳理，同时可看看工作中，商务写作有什么注意点。
01 商务信函类型、各种类写作套路
海外曾出版过一本经典商务写作方法指导热点书，叫Powerful Business Writing
里面总结过职场写作涉及到的7种文书种类，分别是：
Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示同意
Sales or persuasion 销售、说服他们
Request 请求
Complain 抱怨
Rejection 拒绝
Collection 征收
Goodwill 示好
这本书讲，别看有7种，但无论是写那种商务信函，都遵循 BME三模块
即：B 开头，M 中间，E 结尾。
但因为写作的目的不同，往BME三部分里填充的内容并不同，譬如：
1. Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示同意
B: 引入话题
M: 讨论或讲解
E: 表达你期望他们采取的行动
2. Sales or persuasion 销售、说服他们
B: 通过提出一个理念或提供一项商品服务来吸引他们注意
M: 用一系列事实，晓之以理、动之以情
E: 呼吁他们
3. Request 请求
B: 说明你的需要
M: 描述你需要是什么原因
E: 请求帮助并表示感谢
4. Complain 抱怨
B: 说明问题出处
M: 提供充足的细节，以便他们帮助
E: 表达你期望他们采取的行动
5. Rejection 拒绝
B:对他们表示同情，拉近关系
M:将拒绝委婉提出，并且放在中间。说明拒绝是什么原因时也要给他们留情面
E:强调对于该局面的积极面
6. Collection 征收
B: 有礼貌地表达，提供他们未付款的信息
M: 有礼貌地需要他们准时付款
E: 表达假如付款不可以准时到账时你将采取的行动，并随信附送回信信封
7. Goodwill 示好
B: 表达感谢、赞美、祝贺、同情，或者邀请
M: 提供非正式的较私人的信息
E: 以热情的方法结尾
也就是说无论是BEC考试，还是平时商务写作中，基本上都逃不过这7类型型。写作的时候，只须依据种类，套用以上模板就能了。
02 商务写作常用连接词
大逻辑了解了，下面是信函中的小逻辑。
连接词是信函中必不可少的成分，也是意思过渡、转折的“润滑液”。
在记者我上学的时候，外教曾说：外国人看中国人写英文文章，判断这个人写作逻辑是不是严谨，重点就是连接词用得是不是适合。
下面就给大伙介绍一些常用连接词。
当然啦，不只局限于单词，不少句子和短语也可以作为连接过渡用，譬如：
That brings us to the next step, which is …
正好这是大家下面要说的，就是……
Now that we’ve settled that problem, let’s look at …
这个问题已经解决了，下面大家来看看……
Unfortunately, in this case, we won’t be able to …
不好意思，在这个策略里，大家不可以……
In addition to budget constraints, there’s another matter we have to discuss.
除去预算限制，大家还要讨论另外一个问题，
This relates directly to the question I put to you before…
这正好和我之首要条件到的一个问题有关
That brings me to the end of my presentation. I've talked about…
以上就是我想讲的，大家谈论了……
Well, that's about it for now. We've covered…
以上就是全部了，大家说了……
Perhaps I can rephrase that.
或许我可以再讲解下，是如此……
Put another way, this means…
换种说法，这意味着……
03 商务写作7C原则
在海外，商务写作有一个需要遵循的原则，简称为7C原则。即：Completeness, Conciseness, Correctness, Concreteness, Clarify, Courtesy, Consideration
#1 Completeness 完整度
Any business communications should be complete and should convey all the facts needed by a given audience. Complete communication saves cosplayts as no backtracking need occur. It also helps in decision making since the intended audience gets all of the information required.
商务交流信息需要是完整的，将全部事实，传达给既定受众。完整的信息能节省本钱，由于可以让受众无需再回溯。而且，由于目的受众已获得所需的所有信息，这对于决策也有非常大帮助。
完整包含所有有关“who、what、where、when、why、how等信息。
譬如写一封order的时候，大家应该考虑货物是什么，什么时间需要，货物由哪个运输然后哪个接收，最后以哪种付款方法。
#2 Conciseness 简洁度
Communications should be concise. Needless words can muddy the message, and a concise message is more comprehensible to the audience.
商务交流应该简明扼要。非必须的话会让混淆视听，简明扼要的消息对观众来讲更容易理解。
简洁指在不违背其他C原则的首要条件下尽可能用最少的的词语来表达我们的意思。
简洁的反面就是Wordiness，一般有三种状况：
A. Circumlocution用过长的表达
B. Vague qualifiers用没意义形容词和副词
C. Padding表达没意义，只不过填补空缺
做个小训练--怎么样长话短说?
1. I have caused enquiries to be made with a view to establishing the reasons for our inability to supply your order.
2. That is really productive meeting.
答案
1. I have enquired into the reason why we can’t supply your order.
2. That is a productive meeting.
怎么样做到简洁?
1. 一个词替代词组
In the near future--soon;
will you be kind enough to--please
2. 防止一些which/that 从句
The receipt that is enclosed documents your purchase.
改为：The enclosed receipt documents your purchase.
3. 同一句话防止用相同的词语
Please quote your best price for your best quality.
改为：Please quote your lowest price for your best quality.
4. 防止无意义的表达
Please be advised that your admission statement was received.
改为：Your admission statement was received.
5. 防止非必须的介词短语
The issue of most relevance is teamwork.
改为：The most relevant issue is teamwork.
6. 控制被动语态的用法
The total balance due will be found on page 2 of this report.
改为：The balance due is on page 2 of this report.
改为：You will see the balance due on page 2.
#3 Correctness 正确性
Correctness means the message has been crafted using proper punctuation, spelling and grammar. A letter with incorrect usage puts you in an obviously bad light.
正确性意味着用正确的标点符号、拼写正确，没语法错误。假如一封商务信函错误连篇，写信的人给人留下的印象会很不好。
做个小训练--修改句子问题
1. Well chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principals of effective letters and memorandums are similiar.
3. An efficient and concerned personal department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, were sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and I.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist confusion often arises.
答案
1. Well-chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principles of effective letters and memorandums are similar.
3. An efficient and concerned Personnel Department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, was sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and me.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist, confusion often arises.
# 4 Concreteness 具体性
Lack of concreteness is perhaps the biggest mistake business communicators make. Communication that is particular rather than general strengthens confidence in the audience. Concrete communication is supported with facts and figures, and the message is typically not misinterpreted.
缺少具体性是商务交流的大忌。具体的，而非笼统的信息能让受众加大信心。具体的信息应该包含事实和数据，而且不会叫人读了之后产生误解。
所谓具体，就是尽可能用明确、具体的词语。
如此你的信函将更为专业、准确、有趣并且有力。举例：
#5 Clarify 明确度
Clarity puts the emphasis on a specific message rather than on too many messages at once. This lets the audience assimilate information without having to decipher a garbled message. Clarity is especially useful in instructing employees about complicated new processes or procedures.
所谓了解，就是需要一次把一个问题讲透，而不是什么都讲。如此受众可以更好消化信息，而不是在冗杂的信息中来回探索。在教职员复杂的新步骤或程序时，交流的明确度特别要紧。
商务写作，在于“在正确的场所用正确的词语”，具体而言：
1 用短小、熟知并且在会话中常常用的词语，然后将它有效地组句成段。
2 一句话不要讲述过多的思想，一句话最多讲一个点。
3 每句话低于17-20个词。
4 假如状况允许，可以用一些直观辅助，像举例、做个图表等等。
目前，试一试将下面意义相同的词语配对。
#6 Courtesy 礼貌性
Courtesy in an interchange means both the sender and receiver of the message are polite at all cosplayts and the viewpoints and feelings of both are taken into consideration. Business people need to be courteous even in the face of disagreements, as disagreements will not be resolved in a contentious atmosphere.
在商务交流中，消息发送发和接收方都要秉承礼貌的原则，考虑他们的看法和感受。即便面对分歧，老板也需要维持礼节，毕竟在争议对抗的环境中，问题是没法解决的。
怎么样体现：
准时回信
防止用冒犯的语言
脾气温和
多为他们考虑
体现他们能获得的益处
强调积极怡人的信息
诚实完整
#7 Consideration 体贴
Consideration means respecting your business audience and putting yourself in their shoes. A message delivered in an empathetic fashion will usually stimulate a positive response. Talking down to subordinates shows a lack of consideration.
体贴意味着尊重你的商业伙伴，并为他们设身处地考虑。饱含同理心的信息总是能得到正向的回复。用高人一等的语气和下属讲话，就是缺少同理心的表现。
04 BEC考试常用写作句式
1.The purpose of this report is to.../The report aims to...
2.As regards to.../The key findings are summerised bellow...
3.I recommend to.../It was concluded that...
4.It can be seen from the chart that significantly...-er...than...
5.According to the graph, we see a different trend emerging.
6.The number of... increased/dropped by %.
7.The graph shows the percentage of...
8.We can see that... swell during the... hours, peaking at...
